Another inspiration, below, was the library retreat at "Beauvoir", home of President Jefferson Davis overlooking the Gulf of Mexico along the Misissippi coast. I was so charmed by it's lowness to the ground and sort of double hipped sweeping roof. Also, the full length windows, french doors and simple square columns gave it such a casual elegance. The main residence's basic form was very similar to my ancestral home above, just raised off the ground much higher and certainly more formal. But the little library retreat was the feel I was looking for.
Then what really captivated my attention was a French Colonial home built by a prominent merchant, Louis Bolduc located not in a likely place one would think of being a low country location, but in St. Genevieve, Missouri.
This part of french architectural history, briefly putting, is due to the French settlers that started in Canada in the 16th century and migrated south along the Mississippi Valley and the Illinois Country bounded by the Ohio and Missouri rivers. As Russell Versaci mentions in his book, Roots of Home, ...Toward the end of the 17th century, the French arrived in the Lower Mississippi Valley. The hot and humid climate, prone to seasonal flooding and hurricanes, was very different from what they had known in the forests of the North. To suit these new conditions, French settlers merged the cold-climate building traditions of New France with those of the French West Indies, creating Creole- and Cajun-style homes.
He further writes, Under a pavilion roof- a tentlike form that had been developed in the Caribbean- deep porches surrounded the house on all four sides, providing shelter from the sun and capturing cooling breezes.
Louis Bolduc was a Canadian fur trader who built his French Creole cottage out of squared timbers set into the ground. The timbers are spaced 6" apart and insulated with a filling of clay, manure, and horsehair finished with a limewash, called bousillage. The high-peaked roof is framed of oak trusses pegged together in a technique reminiscent of medieval France. A pieux debout fence of pointed cypress planks surrounds the house as a stockade to keep animals in.
Many early plantations were very influenced by the surrounding porches and even transom windows by the French West Indies form of architecture. Luckily, General Sherman's march to the sea didn't include one heading toward the Gulf of Mexico. Many amazing structures were burned due to his madness in the south east, but the area from New Orleans along the Gulf Coast and up through the Mississippi valley up to Canada was preserved by comparison. St. Genevieve is the oldest, best preserved French Colonial village remaining in America.
One of the other reasons I have an obsession with this house is the near perfect rectanglular floor plan. The Greeks were right about the "Golden Mean" rectangle shape being perfect for architecture. My being an Interior Designer by trade, has made me particular about furniture arrangement and the basic living flow of the house. The plan I had drawn so many times was very influenced by our beloved home on Cherokee Road in Birmingham, AL. I loved the way it sat low to the ground and when you entered the front door you could see straight through this beautiful triple hung 9' tall window to the back lawn.
Therefore every house you live in influences the next one you either build or buy, I guess whether you liked it or not. I tried to make the square plan similar to my ancestral home work, but it didn't. I loved the "dog trot" historical homes too. So the plan I did actually worked perfect with the proportions of the Bolduc house. I have to give credit to the instrumental website of our Library of Congress, which now has the houses and buildings that were documented by the Historic American Building Survey, a program started in the 1930's.
Luckily the Bolduc house was very well documented with measured drawings and amazing photographs prepared in 1934. It would never work to copy this lovely old home, but I was pleased to see that the original measurements of the Bolduc home were only slightly smaller that the one I am building today.
I must also give credit to a wonderful southern architect, Hays Town, who built over 900 residences all over the south, mostly in Louisiana. The classic French Acadian cottage, the Spanish roofline and the separation of buildings in plantation style, the pigeonnier etc. all are encompassed by his work. His windows spanning almost from ceiling to floor reminded me of the windows at our Cherokee Road house. Some of his houses were low to the ground some were raised, but the large hovering pavillion roof was a consistent element in most of his houses.
Our ARB, (architectural review board) here at The Ford Plantation, was not originally thrilled with my design. I had to show the revelance of the low country house as far as Louisianna that had influenced so many southern homes, even the ones that were eventually burned.
A pattern book at one time was issued to new members at Ford. It is beautiful and very informative as a fabulous resourse for architectural history. It references Hays Town homes as well as many historically significant homes. Compiled and written by Donald M. Rattner and Anne H. Walker, it states, The Architectural Pattern Book has been conceived as a design tool. The many illustrations contained in this volume demonstrate appropriate building approaches for The Ford Plantation which can serve as a jumping off point, or impetus, for creative development.
That said, I felt that the design of our new home would meet the historically significant guide lines established in this pattern book. We wanted a home that is low to the ground to make it easy for entrance and egress as we age, and for our dogs and for the ease of our 5 grandchildren all 4 years old or younger.
Luckily our site is about 18' above sea level and it met the requirements of the local building codes.
So, stay tuned for the progress as it ensues.
No comments:
Post a Comment